Kalamandalam Radhika

 Kalamandalam Radhika started dancing at the age of three, under training of Guru Rajan. In her quest to learn the different aspects of dance she learnt mridhangam vaitharis from Guru Ponniah pillai to attain mastery over the techniques of rhythm. She then learnt Kathakali from Muttar Sri. Narayana Panicker to hone her skills and talent. She later specialized in Mohiniattam having studied under the all time Great Gurus like Late Chinnammuamma and Kalamandalam Sathyabhama. She was also under the teaching of Late Kalamandalam Kalyani Kutty Amma for a short period. Her training under Kalamandalam Padmanabha Ashan in kathakali polished her Abhinayam to a great extent.

Kalamandalam Radhika was born in Bangalore to K.K Nair, a chartered accountant. She started learning dancing at the age of three under Guru Rajan, and later learnt Kathakali from Muttar Sri. Narayana Panicker and mridhangamvaitharis from Guru Ponniahpillai. In the late 1960s, she moved to Cheruthuruthy and stayed at the Kalamandalam for four years. Under the wings of Chinnammu Amma, Kalamandalam Sathyabhama and Kalamandalam Padmanabhan Nair she was moulded into a skilled performer. Her tutelage under the late Kalamandalam Kalyani Kutty Amma and her training under Kalamandalam Padmanabha Ashan in Kathakali honed her skills.

Radhika has written numerous articles for the dance and music magazine Shrutilaya and has submitted a paper on Mohiniyattom at a seminar organized by the NCERT on the subject of ‘Dance Education in Schools'. She has also written an article about the Devadasi system of Kerala for the weekly Indu , published from Houston, USA, and is the author of the books 'Mohiniyattom-The Lyrical Dance of Kerala´ and ‘Mudra’ published by Mathrabhoomi.

 

Naati Dance

Naati dance is one of the prominent dance forms of the Kullu District in Himachal Pradesh state of India. It is a traditional folk dance of the local inhabitants that reflects the rich cultural tradition of the people of the region. Himachal Pradesh is said to be the home of several tribes who follow different customs and traditions. The Naati dance of the Kullu district is one such traditional folk art that confirms to the variant cultural life of the people of the state. The Naati dance is an integral part of any festive occasion and fair. The otherwise dull and boring life of the tribes of the region is infused with fresh energy and renewed vigour.

There are several varieties of Nati performed like Kullvi Nati, Mahasuvi Nati, Sirmauri Nati, Kinnauri Nati,Saraji Nati, Suketi Nati, Churahi Nati,Brada Nati, Bangani Nati, Jaunpuri Nati, etc. People of Lahaul district have their own distinct dance called "Garphi" and Nati is not a part of Lahauli culture. The Kinnauri Nati dance is mime-like and includes languid sequences. Important among the dances of Nati is 'Losar shone chuksom'. The name from Losai, or the New Year. Activities such as sowing the crop and reaping it are included in it.

There is no restriction on the male or female dancers, both can participate in the Nati dance. In the olden days, women and men used to perform is separate groups. The group of dancers is led by some main male dancers who carry a fly whisk.Initially, all dancers hold hand and make a circle. It can be considered a slow dance but in between styles they pick up beat and dance according to beats. At the end of the Nati, a Yagna is performed by the dancers to pay homage to gods and goddesses.

Both male and female clothing of Himachal Pradesh are beautiful so think about the costumes that they get specially made for dancing. Yes, they are mesmerizing.Men wear woollen robes with churidar and women wear long robes similar to that of male. On the head, the male wears Himachali topi or a hat with flowers fixed on it whereas women cover their head with scarves.

Naati dance is usually performed to the accompaniment of various musical instruments which comprises of Shehnai, Dhol, Nagara, Karnal and Narsingha. 

Saswati Sen

Saswati Sen is a celebrated Kathak Dancer who ranks in the front in the field of Kathak dance. She performs and teaches Kathak with her guru Birju Maharaj. She has been regarded as one of the skilled disciple of Birju Maharaj. Saswati Sen was initiated to Kathak training under the expert guidance of Reba Vidyarthi at Kathak Kendra, Delhi. Today she serves her institution as the leading dancer of Kathak dance. The well known dancer stands tall among all her contemporary dancers in the way she has beautified the Kathak dance with a touch of the traditions and existing approach.

Saswati today is regarded as an artist with immense versatility and talent and one of the best exponents of the famed Lucknow Gharana. She has trained a large number of students, many from overseas. She has acquired the true style of her mentor and incorporates into her own presentation both the lyrical grace and rhythmic virtuosity of Kathak. However, her forte is abhinaya which has always received high appreciation. Ms. Sen today is the driving force behind Kalashram, Pt Birju Maharaj’s dream institution and is its Secretary. She also finds time for her primary avatar as guru, and teaches the nuances of Kathak to all seekers. She travels extensively at home and abroad disseminating the knowledge she has gained over years of dedication and keeps the Kalashram Kathak community together. She has choreographed several group compositions as well as dance-dramas.

Awards of Saswati Sen

The dancer is a proud recipient of Sangeet Natak Academy Award for 2004-2005 and also the Sanskrit Award, the Shringar Mani Award, the critic’s Recommendation Award.

Future Plans of Saswati Sen

Saswati today is the secretary and the pouring force behind the institution which was her Guru, Pt Birju Maharaj's dream. Saswati travels widely at home and overseas disseminating the acquaintance she has gained over years of dedication and keeps the Kalashram Kathak community together. She has been very popular as a teacher and has been teaching regularly since 1980. Among her plans one is the desire to work towards popularizing Kathak in Kerala.

 

Jhijhian Dance of Bihar

Jhijhiya (also called Jhijhari) is a cultural folk dance of Mithila and Bhojpuri region of India and Nepal.It is performed during the Dusshera festival, in the Hindu month of Ashwin (September/October). The dance is performed to offer devotion towards goddess Durga—the goddess of victory as well as to protect one's family, children and society from witches and dark magic

Objective of Jhijhian Dance

This dance is related to rain and the objective is very different. The cultivation of food crops is an important means of living in India hence the rain is the most important factor. So, it is sung when there is no rain for a long time than its usual arrival. Through 'Jhijhian', the villagers portray the drought when there is not a single drop of rain anywhere, the lands are cracked and parched, the sky is lifeless without clouds and the people are awaiting rains. Hence, this is an exact time, for the performance of this dance, when the village women pray to Lord Indra for rain.

Performance

The dance is performed by the people of Mithila and Bhojpuri region of India and Nepal. The dance is performed every evening from the day of Ghatasthapana to Bijaya Dashami. It is believed that this dance is performed to protect one's children and society from witches. It is believed that the ritual was initiated to reduce the influence of the witches' magic upon one's family. Women dance with a clay pot on their head. Multiple holes are made inside the pot and a lamp is kept inside it. There is also a popular belief that if a witch succeeds in counting the holes in the pot placed on a woman's head, the dancing woman will die immediately.

 

 

Kaikotti Kali Dance

Kaikottikali Dance is a ceremonial dance and is often performed during the festive seasons like Thiruvathira and Onam by the regional womenfolk of Kerala. It is a simple and gentle dance with the 'lasya' element forming its main part in overall dance. Sometimes, even men participate in it, where the 'thandava' part is also brought in dance performance occasionally. The Thandava form of this dance form is observed particularly in the regions of Malabar.

Thiruvathira as a dance form is a collective performance by women around a traditional wick lamp (Nila Vilakku). A container or Kindi filled with water, Arippara or barrel of rice and Ashtamangalayam (set of eight auspicious elements) are also arranged near the lamp. The dancers co-ordinate their hand movements as they go clapping upwards and downwards in a rhythm, in tune with the songs that they are singing.

Women are seen dressed in traditional Kerala attire. It may be either two pieces of cloth called Mundu Neriyathu or a Kerala sari. The dancers tie their hair in a bun and decorate it with jasmine flowers and a small bunch of Dasapushpam (10 sacred flowers). The dance performance usually begins in praise of Ganesha followed by a prayer to Saraswati called Saraswati Vandanam. Songs in praise of Siva and Vishnu, folk tales and Kathakali songs are also performed by singers in the background. The dancers move in a circle, making both fast and slow movements in a graceful manner according to the rhythm of the song.

Ceremonies begin with the eating of a special meal called Ettangadi on Makairyam day, the day before Thiruvathira day. The ingredients of Ettangadi are sorghum, yam, kachil, berry, yam, lentil, sugar, and honey. It is eaten the night before. But this ceremony is not observed today. Drink water and charcoal water.

 Dasapushkas are collected in front of the house during the day. Thiruvathirakali starts after sunset. After Thiruvathira nakshatramudhi at midnight, the dancers sing devotional songs and bring dasa flowers along with Ashtamangalyam holding the lamp to the house. Later they wear these flowers in their hair. This is called half-breeding. The flowers are lit by singing songs praising the deities of each flower. Crows are also seen

Insightful Articles Portraying Interesting Facts about - A UNIQUE CASTE HIERACHY IN ANCIENT INDIA

 

Caste System in Ancient India

It represents the hierarchy of Caste - the Brahmins (priests and scholars) occupying the topmost position and the rest namely Kshatriya (kings, governors, and warriors), Vaishya (cattle herders, agriculturists, artisans, and merchants) and Sudras coming in descending order. From this it has been concluded that the Sudra caste (laborers and service providers).  It indicates the colour, type, order or class of people.  It reinforced the idea that lifestyles, occupations, ritual statuses, and social statuses were inherited.

Caste System in Vedic Age

The Vedas were ancient scriptures, written in the Sanskrit language, which contained hymns, philosophies, and rituals handed down to the priests of the Vedic religion. The low position, accorded to people like blacksmiths, tanners, butchers in the Smriti literature, are not found in the Vedas. The term 'dasa' seems to be the designation of a section of powerful non-Aryans who used to cause trouble to the Aryans. Dasas are stated to have been wealthy and lived in cities

Caste System in Age of Brahmanas

The Brahmanas confirm the fact that Sudras were called dasas. Those among them who did not surrender to the Aryans were termed dasyus (robbers). In the Brahmanas it has been found that Sudras were servants by occupation and that he could be ejected from a place or even slain at will. Priests, gurus, rishis, teachers, and scholars constituted the Brahmin.

Caste System in Age of Epics

It clearly indicates the Aryan expansion into South India and also hints at the use of military force in this process. The epic also makes it clear that the Dravidian culture was also equally superior. The Mahabharata shows that by that time the whole of India was Aryanised. It also provides us information regarding the various states existing at that time. The life of the Epics tells us that the Aryans were no longer divided into small clans or tribes, and powerful states like Panchalas, Pandus, Kosalas, Kashih had come into existence. Far reaching changes took place in the religion of the people during the Epic period. 

 

Caste System in Jainism

 Jainism divides mankind into a caste system which is further divided into numerous sub-castes (Jatis). All sorts of beings belong to Jainism, but it does not mean that they are equal in their status. All Jivas are divided into four levels of existence; Gods, human beings, animals and beings in hell. Each one of them has a number of classes which are precisely distinguished from one another, and the individual classes are further divided into sub-classes. The uppermost three castes are called ‘twice-born’ because their males experience a second, spiritual birth by a special consecration in which they are encircled by a holy thread. The castes of Brahmins or the priests, Kshatriyas or the warriors and Vaishyas or the businessmen are the ‘twice-born’.

Jainism holds that the universe has existed through all eternity and will continue to exist forever. Thus, there is no need for a creator-god, or a creation myth. Indeed, in its original form Jainism had no gods and did not worship idols (in direct contrast to Hindu practices). The 24 Jain Tirthankaras ("fordmakers") were to be revered, but they were men, not gods. They had attained perfect knowledge, and their appearance in the world was tied to the moral and religious decay of the people and the need for a reawakening and revival of religious values.

The founder of Jainism is generally regarded to be Mahavira, who was born in Vaisali (in Basarh in northern Bihar) in the 6th century BC. Mahavira literally means "great victor" and is the name given by Jains to Vardhamana, the son of a ksatriya (warrior-caste) chieftain. Mahavira most likely lived from 599 to 527 BC, although some sources give 549–477 BC as his dates. The Jains claim that rather than being the founder of their religion, he was but the twenty-fourth in a line of prophets and teachers stretching back through time. There is historical evidence for the existence of Parsvanatha, the twenty-third Tirthankara, who lived in the 8th century BC. Some Jain scholars even claim that Jainism was present in the Harappan civilization, a thousand years earlier (the swastika, a religious symbol of the Jains, is found in Harappan culture).

 

Nadar Caste

                                Nadar Caste

 Nadar caste was recognized as Shanars till the 19th century. Thereafter they came to be known as Nadars which was derived from the Nandans, the supreme head of this community. The origin of the caste as a social group is anonymous. However historians believe that they are the descendants of prehistoric rulers like Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas. There is not much evidence to support this claim.

The community was previously known as Shanar but legally changed their name to Nadar in 1921. The title Nadar is believed to be derived from the Nelamaikkarars, the aristocrats of the Shanar community who had previously used it exclusively. Nadars claim that the original name of the community was Shantror or Shandrar (noble one) which, in course of time, was corrupted to Shanar. Channar is a title used by the Ezhava community of Kerala.However, there is no evidence to support these claims.

The origin of Nadars as a social group is uncertain. Hardgrave stated that the Teri palmyra forests around today's Tiruchendur must have been their original abode. In the late 19th century, some Nadar activists started claiming that the Nadars are the descendants of those who ruled the Pandyan kingdom and that when Nayak rulers captured the Pandya country, it was divided into several Palayams (divisions) for each of which Palaiyakkars were appointed as rulers. They also claimed that the Nayak rulers of Tamil Nadu imposed Deshaprashtam (ostracism) on the ancient Nadars to ensure that they would not rise.

Elevate Your Agribusiness: Connect with Top-Notch Suppliers in Our B2B Products Directory!

 Welcome to our comprehensive Agriculture Products Directory, where we delve into the vast realm of agricultural products and offer you valuable insights to help you make informed decisions. In this article, we will guide you through the intricacies of the agriculture industry, providing a wealth of information on a wide range of products that can enhance and optimize your farming endeavors. Our aim is to equip you with the knowledge you need to thrive in this dynamic field and surpass your competition. 

I. The Importance of Quality Agricultural Products In the ever-evolving world of agriculture, the quality of the products you utilize plays a pivotal role in determining the success of your farming operations. Whether you're engaged in crop production, livestock management, or horticulture, choosing the right agricultural products can significantly impact your overall yields and profitability. Superior Seeds for Optimal Crop Performance When it comes to crop production, the seeds you sow are of paramount importance. Opting for superior quality seeds ensures the potential for higher yields, resistance to diseases, and adaptability to various environmental conditions. Our Agriculture Products Directory provides you with an extensive array of seed varieties, ranging from staple crops to niche specialties, enabling you to find the perfect match for your specific farming requirements. Advanced Fertilizers for Nutrient Optimization Fertilizers play a crucial role in replenishing soil nutrients and maximizing crop productivity. Within our directory, you'll discover a comprehensive range of fertilizers tailored to diverse soil types and crop varieties. These innovative fertilizers, fortified with essential macronutrients and micronutrients, will enhance nutrient absorption, boost plant growth, and improve overall crop health. Cutting-Edge Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Efficient farm machinery and equipment can revolutionize your farming practices, improving productivity, minimizing labor requirements, and optimizing resource utilization. Our Agriculture Products Directory features a wide selection of state-of-the-art machinery, ranging from tractors and harvesters to irrigation systems and precision agriculture tools. Harnessing the power of advanced technology, these tools will help you streamline your operations and achieve exceptional results. 

II. Navigating the Agriculture Products Directory Understanding the structure and functionality of our Agriculture Products Directory is essential to extract maximum value and unearth the products that perfectly align with your farming goals. Here's a breakdown of the key features and sections within our directory: Categories and Subcategories To facilitate easy navigation, our directory is meticulously organized into categories and subcategories. From seeds and fertilizers to machinery and livestock supplies, each category is further divided into subcategories, allowing you to explore specific product segments effortlessly. Detailed Product Descriptions Within each product listing, you'll find comprehensive descriptions that highlight key features, specifications, and benefits. We ensure that our descriptions are concise yet informative, empowering you to make well-informed purchasing decisions. Customer Reviews and Ratings We understand the significance of customer feedback in shaping purchasing decisions. That's why our Agriculture Products Directory includes genuine reviews and ratings from farmers and agricultural professionals who have used the products themselves. This valuable insight can assist you in selecting products that have garnered positive feedback and have a proven track record of excellence. Supplier Information and Contact Details In addition to detailed product information, our directory also provides comprehensive supplier profiles. These profiles give you access to vital supplier details, including contact information, certifications, and customer support channels. Establishing a direct line of communication with reputable suppliers can foster long-term partnerships and ensure a seamless procurement process. 

III. Harnessing the Power of Our Agriculture Products Directory With the knowledge and resources available in our Agriculture Products Directory, you can gain a competitive edge in the agricultural landscape. By embracing high-quality seeds, advanced fertilizers, and cutting-edge machinery, you can optimize your farming practices, increase productivity, and drive sustainable growth. Moreover, the diverse range of products featured in our directory empowers you to explore new avenues within the agriculture industry, expand your product offerings, and tap into emerging markets. In conclusion, our Agriculture Products Directory serves as your gateway to unlocking the full potential of the farming industry. By leveraging the comprehensive information, detailed descriptions, and user feedback available within our directory, you can make well-informed decisions that propel your farming operations to new heights. Explore our directory today and embark on a journey towards agricultural excellence.

Click here to learn more

https://products.jimtrade.com/1/agriculture.htm 

To explore more contacts of suppliers, go to the following links

https://www.jimyellowpages.com/products/1/agricultural_equipment_implements.htm

https://www.jimyellowpages.com/products/1/agricultural_inputs_fertilizers.htm

Boost Your Business Connections with the Ultimate Indian B2B Directory: Unveiling the Path to Success!

 B2B Directory: Unlocking the Power of Efficient Business Connections In the fast-paced world of business, establishing strong connections and finding reliable partners is essential for success. As a business owner or professional, you understand the significance of networking and reaching out to potential collaborators. In today's digital landscape, B2B directories have emerged as powerful platforms that facilitate these connections, making it easier for businesses to find the right partners, suppliers, and clients. In this article, we will explore the immense value of B2B directories and how leveraging their potential can propel your business forward. Understanding B2B Directories: Your Gateway to Business Growth A B2B directory serves as an online platform that connects businesses within a specific industry or niche. It acts as a comprehensive database where companies can showcase their products, services, and expertise to a targeted audience. These directories often categorize businesses based on industry, location, size, and other relevant factors, making it easier for potential partners or clients to discover them. By leveraging a B2B directory, businesses can expand their reach and connect with a wider audience. These directories often have a high domain authority and are recognized by search engines as reliable sources of industry-specific information. Consequently, being listed in reputable B2B directories can significantly boost your online visibility and brand recognition, driving more traffic to your website. The Benefits of B2B Directories: A Pathway to Success Enhanced Online Visibility: B2B directories provide businesses with an additional online presence, exposing them to a larger audience. When your business is listed in a respected directory, it increases your chances of being found by potential partners, suppliers, or clients through online searches. Targeted Exposure: B2B directories allow you to showcase your products or services to a highly targeted audience. By choosing directories specific to your industry or niche, you can increase the likelihood of connecting with individuals or businesses who are actively seeking what you have to offer. Improved SEO: B2B directories often possess strong domain authority, which means that being listed on these platforms can enhance your own website's search engine optimization (SEO) efforts. Backlinks from reputable directories signal to search engines that your website is trustworthy and relevant, potentially leading to higher search rankings. Lead Generation: B2B Yellow pages directories act as a hub where businesses actively seek partners or suppliers. By being present in these directories, you increase the chances of attracting potential leads and converting them into valuable business relationships. Brand Credibility: Being featured in respected B2B directories elevates your brand's credibility. When potential partners or clients see your business listed among other reputable companies, it instills confidence in your capabilities and expertise. Cost-Effective Marketing: B2B directories offer an affordable alternative to traditional marketing channels. Instead of investing significant resources in outbound marketing efforts, businesses can leverage the power of B2B directories to connect with a relevant audience at a fraction of the cost.

To get the most efficient product directory and profiles-

Click here

https://products.jimtrade.com/

Bay of Bengal - West of Bengal

 

Bay of Bengal is a triangular shaped bay in the Indian Ocean, and has derived its name from West Bengal, which lies on the north.  Bay of Bengal lies in the north eastern part of the Indian Ocean. It is in fact a triangular shaped salt-water sea. The bay is surrounded by the Malay Peninsula on the east, and by the Indian subcontinent on the west. The northern section of the bay borders the Bengal region, comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh. As it surrounds the Bengal region, the bay has derived the name Bay of Bengal. The southern tips margin the island country of Sri Lanka, and the Indian Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many large rivers including Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Ganga and Brahmaputra flow into it. Climate of Bay of Bengal The monsoon currents regulate the climate of the Bay of Bengal and the regions around it. During the months of January to October, the current flows towards the north in a clockwise circulation pattern and is called the East Indian Current. The Bay of Bengal monsoon moves in a northwest direction hitting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands at the end of May and then the North Eastern Coast of India by the end of June. Throughout the remaining part of the year, a counter-clockwise current flows towards the southwest direction, and is called the East Indian Winter Jet. During the months of September and December the weather is very active. The monsoon season often brings in severe cyclones, which affect Eastern India as well as parts of other countries. The 1971 Orissa cyclone is one of the worst.  Bay of Bengal lies in the north eastern part of the Indian Ocean. It is in fact a triangular shaped salt-water sea. The bay is surrounded by the Malay Peninsula on the east, and by the Indian subcontinent on the west. The northern section of the bay borders the Bengal region, comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh. As it surrounds the Bengal region, the bay has derived the name Bay of Bengal. The southern tips margin the island country of Sri Lanka, and the Indian Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many large rivers including Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Ganga and Brahmaputra flow into it. Beaches on Bay of Bengal There are many beautiful beaches along the bay. Cox's Bazaar, on the north eastern shore of the bay, is one of the longest continuous natural beaches of the world. Other beaches by the side of the bay include Bakkhali, Digha, Chandipur, Puri, Waltair and Marina Beach in India. The region has many sacred sites like the Kumari Kandam, the remains of the Sri Vaisakheswara Swamy temple, the Seven Pagodas of Mahabalipuram and the Ramanathaswami Temple at Dhanushkodi. Another significant site, which has been conserved, is the Vivekanandar Illam. In the year 1897, Swami Vivekananda's legendary lectures were recorded here at Castle Kernan. The Bay of Bengal was an important centre for British trade. One of the first business enterprises along the Bay of Bengal was of the British East India Company. Gopalpur was one of their major trading centres. The bay provides a means of livelihood for numerous fishermen. Fishermen can catch around 26 to 44 species of marine fish. The average catch is 2 million tons of fish per year from the Bay of Bengal alone.

North Indian States: A Photographic Journey Through the Land of Colors and Contrasts

 North Indian States trace their origin from the history of the land. These states are politically mapped in 1767 by the British East India Company, but these cities were developed during the era of Indus Valley Civilization. The dominant geographical features of that demarcate North India from Tibetan Plateau are the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Great Himalayas. The social, cultural, linguistic and religious unity helped the North Indian states to promote tourism and other industrial development in the modern India.

History of North Indian States

The Northern part of modern India has been the historical centre of the Mauryan Empire, Indo-Greek Empire, Northern Satraps, Gupta Empire, Harsha Empire, Pala Empire, Pratihara Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Sur, Sikh, Maratha Empire and British Empire.

Culture of North Indian States

North Indian States have diverse culture which is reflected in the different pilgrimages in this region. This includes Hindu, Islamic, Sikh, and Buddhist pilgrimages. Hindu pilgrimages include Haridwar, Char Dham, Mathura,Varanasi, Ayodhya, Pushkar, Allahabad, and Vaishno Devi. Sarnath and Kushinagar are famous Buddhist centers. The Taj Mahal, an Islamic monument, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Other Islamic pilgrimages in north India include Dargah Hazratbal, Dargah of Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chishti, Dargah Hazrat Nizamuddin, and Piran Kaliyar Sharif. The golden temple which is a Sikh pilgrimage is a world heritage site is located in Punjab.

Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Dogri, Kashmiri, and English are official languages in different states and Union Territories of north India. According to Ministry of Culture, a city in Punjab named Patiala became the North Culture Zone on 23 March 1985 and this excludes Delhi.

Demography of North Indian States

People of North India majorly comprises of groups from Indo-Aryan ethno linguistic branch. The demography includes various social groups called Rajputs, Brahmins, Banias, Rors, Jats, Gurjars, Yadavs, Kolis, Khatris, Dalits and Kambojs. There are also several minor ethno-linguistic communities like Dravidian, Austroasiatic, and Tibeto-Burman and these group exits throughout the Indian subcontinent.

Climate of North India

Lying on the north of peninsular India, north Indian states form the coldest regions of the country. The average daily high temperature is at 32 degrees. For several months of the year, it is warm to hot at temperatures continuously above 25 degrees, sometimes up to 40 degrees. North India experiences winters in the months between October and March, as this time the weather remains pleasant and mildly cold to very cold and temperature ranges from a freezing -2 degree C to 14 degrees C.

Flora and Fauna of North India

North Indian states are rich in natural resources and have a large cover of forests. Due to this rich vegetation, several species of animals and birds are found in this region. The vegetation in north Indian states can be categories under Deciduous Forests, temperate forests, tropical thorny forests, and evergreen forest. Animal species found in northern zone include elephant, snow leopard, Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Asiatic stag, spotted deer, red deer, hog deer, Indian gazelle, blackbuck, Nilgai, porcupine, wild boar, Tibetan sand fox, Indian fox, rhesus monkey, langur, and jungle cat. Both indigenous and migratory birds can be found here.

Tourism in North India

The northern states have a diverse culture, and include different places of tourism interest that comprises nature tourism, leisure tourism, adventure tourism, and also pilgrimage tourism. Pilgrimage destinations include Haridwar, Ayodhya, Mathura, Allahabad, and Pushkar for Hindus. Buddhist pilgrimage centers are Sarnath and Kushinagar. The Sikh Golden Temple as well as world heritage sites such as the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Forts in Rajasthan, Jantar Mantar (Jaipur), Qutb Minar, Red Fort, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri and Taj Mahal comprise the main tourist attractions in north India.

States of North India

The northern part of India is a loosely defined region consisting of Indus-Gangetic Plain, Thar Desert and the Himalayan Mountain Range. Currently, North Indian comprises of six states and four union territories. The states are Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and some parts of Rajasthan. The Union Territories include, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Delhi, and Chandigarh. The state of Jammu & Kashmir was accorded as two union territories in August 2019. One part became the union territory of Jammu & Kashmir and the other part became the union territory of Ladakh.

Following are the states in north India discussed in details:

Punjab: Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state capital is located in Chandigarh. The culture of Punjab includes the "bhangra" dance, a vast range of cuisine which has become widely popular abroad, and a number of seasonal and harvest festivals such as Lohri, Vasant Panchami, Vaisakhi and Teeyan. There are 22 districts in the Indian state of Punjab.

Haryana: Haryana is spread about 44,212 square km. The city of Chandigarh is its capital while the NCR city of Faridabad is the most populous city of the state. Haryana is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The Yamuna River defines its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh. The Indian state of Haryana also has 22 districts.

Himachal Pradesh: Himachal Pradesh is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab and Chandigarh on the west, Haryana on the south-west, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east. Himachal Pradesh consists of 12 districts.

Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Ghaziabad, Bulandshahr, Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Raebareli, Moradabad, Bareilly, Aligarh, Sonbhadra, and Varanasi are known for their industrial and tourism importance in this state. Currently, there are 75 districts in Uttar Pradesh.

Uttarakhand: Uttarakhand is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" due to many Hindu temples and Buddhist pilgrimage centers. It is noted for the Himalayan Mountain Range, the Bhabhar and the Terai. Uttarakhand is bounded by 13 districts, which are divided into two divisions- Garhwal and Kumaon regions.

Rajasthan: This state is partly located in the northern side of India, and some portion comes in the western part of India. Rajasthan has 33 districts in it.

Click on the link below to learn more 

https://www.indianetzone.com/78/north_indian_states.htm